With the right practices, security needn’t be an impediment to continuous development and rapid improvement.
The same cycle keeps repeating, according to IT security and risk management consultancy Sense of Security co-founder and CTO Murray Goldschmidt. A new technology is hyped, leading to rapid adoption, but security is left as an afterthought. It happened with WiFi and voice over IP (VoIP), he says, and is currently happening with the internet of things (IoT). But it doesn’t have to be that way.
DevSecOps: DevOps + Security
DevOps is good for making things better, faster. But there tends to be a culture clash between those talking about speed, velocity or agility and those concerned with issues such as control points.
So Goldschmidt and his colleagues are showing their clients how security can be integrated into DevOps (DevSecOps) in an automated manner without affecting velocity.
Most people with development, operations or cloud backgrounds aren’t well-versed in security, he suggests, so Sense of Security shows clients how DevSecOps means security and DevOps can run in parallel.
“It’s not that complicated,” he says, but it’s something most people don’t think about.
Organizations often have a vulnerability management life cycle to identify and treat issues. After all, that’s part of various industry standards.
The typical approach is an annual penetration test to find issues, which can then be addressed.
A better way is to move to automated testing, and there are various commercial and open-source products to do that job. Goldschmidt says he sees little resistance to this idea.
The next step is to go from scheduling these vulnerability scans on a quarterly basis to weekly or daily—or even to run them continuously.
Citing the Struts vulnerability that caused a big problem for Equifax, he notes the challenge is to identify vulnerabilities in your systems before an attacker does. Continuous automated scanning means the window of vulnerability is very narrow.
This idea is simple enough, he says, but for some reason it doesn’t occur to most people until someone brings it to their attention.
When a scan reveals a vulnerability, its significance (severe, medium, etc.) is used to prioritize remediation.
“DevOps guys understand those triggers,” he observes: If you give them the data, they can take the necessary actions. For example, that might mean shutting down the servers in a small web farm one at a time, applying the patch, restarting and moving on to the next. They could all be patched and running by the end of the day.
Patching Isn’t Everything
However, “it is unfair to assume organizations can patch things quickly” every time, he says. For example, the Struts vulnerability required more than just a patch—the code running on it had to be recompiled and tested, and that process could take months in a large organization.
So organizations should not rely on the idea that patching is the fix for a vulnerability. While patches will be applied eventually, if you can make it difficult to actually take advantage of any exploits, the risk of data breaches is very low.
One very easy-to-implement example of these measures is using a stateful firewall to ensure inbound-only access to web servers. By disallowing outbound access—”the channel through which data is lost”—there is no path for data to leave.
Goldschmidt also recommends using tools to examine in-house code and the open-source and commercial code that is used with it. Such tools can detect most common problems, including openings for SQL injection, cross-site scripting and token misuse.
He describes these tools as being the equivalent of “spellcheck for developers,” and says it reduces the likelihood of putting insecure code into production.
The market includes products from Veracode (now part of CA), Sonatype and Qualys.
Qualys, he notes, provides differential reporting. This makes it obvious that something has changed, and “that is the key to automation.” Whether the system itself has changed or new information has been discovered about vulnerabilities or configuration issues, action is required.
Furthermore, the ease of making configuration changes that could have security implications makes continuous scanning even more important.
These checks should not be limited to individual modules. Rather, they should be repeated—preferably automatically—as modules are assembled to help developers avoid poor code and to check the overall product.
RASP Away Some Attacks
Runtime application self-protection (RASP) is another technology Goldschmidt advocates. The idea is to detect abnormal and possibly malicious activity. One example is that normal operation would see an application communicating with its application server, and the application server communicating with the database. If the application suddenly makes a direct request to the database—as happens in an SQL injection attack—action is clearly required.
Depending on the situation, RASP might raise an alert or immediately terminate the application, among other possibilities.
The use of these and other technologies and techniques should allow organizations to run at the pace implied by DevOps without sacrificing security.